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How to Solve R Error: unexpected ‘}’ in “}”
This error occurs when you have a closing curly bracket in your code without a corresponding opening curly bracket. You can solve this error by finding the position in your code that requires an opening bracket. This tutorial will go through how to solve the error...
How to Remove Legend in ggplot2
You can remove a legend from a plot using the syntax legend.position="none" for the plot theme. For example, library(ggplot2) ggplot(data = mtcars, aes(x = mpg, y = disp, color = vs)) + geom_point() + theme(legend.position="none") This tutorial will go through how to...
How to Solve R Error in file(file, ifelse(append, ‘a’, ‘w’)) : cannot open the connection
This error occurs if you try to write to a file in a directory that was not found by the R interpreter. You can solve this error by creating the directory using dir.create() or removing the missing directory from the file save path. For example, x <- c(rnorm(10))...
How to Center Plot Title in ggplot2 with R
The easiest way to center a title using ggplot2 is to modify the plot.title component of the theme using element_text(hjust=0.5). For example, library(ggplot2) ggplot(data=mtcars, aes(x=mpg, y=wt)) + geom_point() + ggtitle("Automobile Weight vs Miles per Gallon") +...
How to Transpose a Data Frame in R
The easiest way to transpose a data frame is to use the transpose() function from the data.table library. For example, library(data.table) # get data data("mtcars") # transpose t_mtcars <- transpose(mtcars) # get row and colnames in order colnames(t_mtcars) <-...
How to Apply a Function to Every Row of a Table in R using dplyr
Using the rowwise function from dplyr in combination with the mutation function, you can apply a function to every row in a table. For example, data %>% rowwise() %>% # a, b, c are column names mutate(sum_val = sum(a, b, c)) This tutorial will go through how to use...
How to Add an Index column to a Data Frame in R
The easiest way to add a sequence of numbers as an index column is to use the nrow() function, for example, df$index <- 1:nrow(df) This tutorial will explain how to add a numeric ID column to a data frame with code examples. Table of contentsAdd Index Column to...
How to Iterate Over the Words of a String in C++
This tutorial will go through how to iterate over the words of a string consisting of multiple words. Table of contentsIterate Over Words using istringstreamIterate Over Words using for-loopIterate Over Words using strtokIterate Over Words using Boost LibrarySummary...
How to Sum the Elements of a Vector in C++
The simplest way to sum the elements of a vector is to use the accumulate function. This tutorial will describe the different ways to sum the elements of a vector with code examples. Table of contentsSum Elements of a Vector Using accumulateSum Elements of a Vector...
How to Iterate Through a Vector in C++
The simplest way to iterate through a vector using a for loop and the [] operator to index the vector. This tutorial will describe how to iterate through a vector with code examples. Table of contentsIterate Through a Vector Using IndexingIterate Through a Vector...
Suf is a senior advisor in data science with deep expertise in Natural Language Processing, Complex Networks, and Anomaly Detection. Formerly a postdoctoral research fellow, he applied advanced physics techniques to tackle real-world, data-heavy industry challenges. Before that, he was a particle physicist at the ATLAS Experiment of the Large Hadron Collider. Now, he’s focused on bringing more fun and curiosity to the world of science and research online.