Black-Scholes Option Pricing in R

The Black-Scholes or Black-Scholes-Merton model is a financial mathematical equation for pricing options contracts and other derivatives. Fischer Black and Myron Scholes published the formula in their 1973 paper “The Pricing of Options and Corporate...

How to Solve R Error: unexpected ‘}’ in “}”

This error occurs when you have a closing curly bracket in your code without a corresponding opening curly bracket. You can solve this error by finding the position in your code that requires an opening bracket. This tutorial will go through how to solve the error...

How to Remove Legend in ggplot2

You can remove a legend from a plot using the syntax legend.position=”none” for the plot theme. For example, library(ggplot2) ggplot(data = mtcars, aes(x = mpg, y = disp, color = vs)) + geom_point() + theme(legend.position=”none”) This tutorial...

How to Center Plot Title in ggplot2 with R

The easiest way to center a title using ggplot2 is to modify the plot.title component of the theme using element_text(hjust=0.5). For example, library(ggplot2) ggplot(data=mtcars, aes(x=mpg, y=wt)) + geom_point() + ggtitle(“Automobile Weight vs Miles per...

How to Transpose a Data Frame in R

The easiest way to transpose a data frame is to use the transpose() function from the data.table library. For example, library(data.table) # get data data(“mtcars”) # transpose t_mtcars <- transpose(mtcars) # get row and colnames in order...