How to Solve R Error: unexpected ‘}’ in “}”

This error occurs when you have a closing curly bracket in your code without a corresponding opening curly bracket. You can solve this error by finding the position in your code that requires an opening bracket.

This tutorial will go through how to solve the error with code examples.

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Example

Let’s look at an example to reproduce the error:

# Define a vector
x = c(1:10)

# Define a for loop over vector and square each element
for (i in 1: 10) 

x[i] = x[i] ** 2

}

# Print vector to console

x

Let’s run the code to see what happens:

Error: unexpected '}' in "}"

The error occurs because the for loop has a closing bracket but not an opening bracket.

Solution

We can solve the error by ensuring we use an opening bracket. The syntax for a for loop in R is:

for (val in sequence) 
{
  statement
}

Let’s look at the revised code:

# Define a vector

x = c(1:10)

# Use an opening curly bracket for for loop

for (i in 1: 10) {
  x[i] = x[i] ** 2

}

# Print vector to console

x

Let’s run the code to get the result:

 [1]   1   4   9  16  25  36  49  64  81 100

Summary

Congratulations on reading to the end of this tutorial!

For further reading on R-related errors, go to the articles: 

• How to Solve R Error: the condition has length > 1

Go to the online courses page on R to learn more about coding in R for data science and machine learning.

Have fun, and happy researching!