How to Rotate and Space Axis Labels in ggplot2 with R

You can rotate the axis labels by using angle parameter of the element_text() function when modifying the theme of your plot, for example: theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, vjust = 0.5) We can use vjust and hjust in element_text() to add horizontal and...

How to Order Bars in ggplot2 Bar Graph with R

This R tutorial will go through how to order bars in a ggplot2 bar chart with code examples. Table of contentsExampleSolution #1: Manually Order BarsSolution #2: Sort Bars in Descending OrderSolution #3: Sort Bars in Ascending OrderSummary Example Consider the...

How to do Matrix Multiplication in R

To perform element-by-element multiplication between two matrices X and Y, you must use the * operator as follows: X * Y If you want to perform matrix multiplication between two matrices X and Y, you must use the %*% operator as follows: X * Y This tutorial will go...

How to Calculate Jaccard Similarity in R

The Jaccard similarity compares two sets of data to determine how similar they are. The value of the Jaccard similarity can be between 0 and 1, where the close the number is to 1 the more similar the two sets of data are. This tutorial will go through how to calculate...

How to Calculate Cosine Similarity in R

This tutorial will go through how to calculate the cosine similarity in R for vectors and matrices with code examples. Table of contentsWhat is Cosine Similarity?Visual Description of Cosine SimilarityCosine Similarity Between Two Vectors in RCosine Similarity of a...